Cognitive Dysfunction
People often report thinking and memory problems during treatment. Often called “chemo brain” or “brain fog,” symptoms include trouble remembering information such as names, dates and telephone numbers, memory lapses in the middle of tasks or conversations and difficulty paying attention. Experiencing cognitive dysfunction is related to many types of cancer treatment, not just chemotherapy. Although it is not typically serious, it can be frustrating.
What causes cognitive dysfunction?
Though the actual cause is still unknown, researchers believe it may be caused by the cancer itself or by its treatment, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy and surgery. Combination therapies further increase the risk. Conditions related to cancer treatment, such as stress, anemia, fatigue, infection, pain, hormone changes, sleep problems, nutrition problems, anxiety and depression, may contribute.
When does cognitive dysfunction typically occur?
It often begins slowly and can occur during treatment or months or years after treatment ends. It is generally short term, but the length of time it lasts varies by individual.
When to call your health care provider.
Contact your health care team when you first notice symptoms. Your health care provider may order tests to see whether they are caused by something other than your treatment, such as anemia, a chemical imbalance in your blood, dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. If no underlying cause is found, your health care provider will suggest ways to cope and improve your mental processing. If you notice your symptoms suddenly worsen or you have new ones such as headaches, balance problems or weakness/numbness in a body part, contact your health care team right away.
How you can manage cognitive dysfunction
Research is underway to determine how to best manage cognitive dysfunction. Some people find the following helpful:
- Track your symptoms so you and your health care team can see any patterns. Note when they occur, how soon after treatment they start and whether anything makes them better. Download a free symptom tracker at PatientResource.com/Tracker
- Use a calendar or daily planner. Write down all appointments, activities, medication schedules, important dates (birthdays and anniversaries), “to do” lists, phone numbers and addresses, etc.
- Keep your keys, wallet, purse, phone or other important items in a basket in the same place so they are always where they should be.
- Exercise your brain. Read a book or magazine every day; do crossword or jigsaw puzzles; or play word, number or card games.
- Get exercise. Walk, swim, ride a bike, do aerobics, practice yoga or garden.
- Avoid alcohol and other substances that can disrupt your cognitive function.
- Follow a nutritious diet.
- Stay rested. Fatigue can worsen cognitive dysfunction.
- Focus on one thing at a time (no multi-tasking).
- Ask others to repeat or write down information (phone numbers, dates, etc.).
- Take your caregiver with you to medical appointments to take notes during the visits.
