Infusion-Related Reactions
An infusion-related reaction can occur when your body has a strong, adverse immune response to a treatment that is administered intravenously (IV). This type of reaction can occur whether the treatment is given through a vein, subcutaneously (under the skin between the fatty and muscle layers) or by injection.
Any type of medication can cause a reaction, but certain drugs (chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy) tend to have a higher reaction potential than others. Before treatment begins, ask whether the drugs in your treatment plan put you at risk for a reaction, what to do if one occurs and which reactions require immediate medical attention. Before beginning treatment, tell your health care provider about any past reactions to medications, food or something in the environment or if you have any allergies.
What are the typical reactions?
Two types of reactions can occur. Most are generally mild, such as itching, rash or fever, and disappear within one to three days. More serious symptoms, such as shaking, chills, low blood pressure, dizziness, breathing difficulties or irregular heartbeat, can be serious or even life threatening without medical intervention.
When do these reactions occur?
Infusion-related reactions most frequently occur soon after exposure to the drug. They may, however, happen as you are receiving the infusion, which is why your health care provider administering the drug therapy will be watching for signs of a reaction while you are there. Reactions can also occur days or weeks later. Because they are often difficult or impossible to avoid, being able to recognize the symptoms is critical:
- Itching
- Rash or hives
- Swelling of the tongue, lips or eyelids
- Redness on the face and neck area, also called flushing
- Fever or chills
- Cough
- Nausea
- Muscle or joint pain
- Swelling (most common in the hands, legs, ankles and feet, but can occur in any part of your body)
- Shortness of breath
When should you call your health care provider?
Contact them as soon as you experience any symptoms of an infusion-related reaction, not just what you think are the more serious symptoms.
As a safety precaution, carry information about your diagnosis and the medications included in your treatment plan with you at all times. Also include the contact information for your health care provider and your cancer center. This is critical should you have an emergency or experience a side effect and you are not able to contact or seek care from a provider who is familiar with your treatment.
