Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a life-threatening complication of cancer treatment. This serious condition can occur after treatment of a fast-growing cancer, especially certain blood cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma. TLS is usually linked with chemotherapy, but other types of cancer treatment may also lead to this syndrome.
What causes TLS?
As tumor cells die, they break apart and release toxic substances, including potassium, phosphate and tumor DNA, into the bloodstream. This causes a change in electrolytes and certain chemicals in the blood, which may cause damage to the nervous system, kidneys, heart, liver and other organs or increase the level of potassium in the blood.
Whether you are deemed high or low risk, you are encouraged to keep information about your diagnosis and your treatment, including the name of the drug, your health care provider and your cancer center, with you at all times. This is critical in the event you experience TLS and you have to contact a health care professional who is unfamiliar with your treatment.
When does TLS usually occur?
The symptoms of TLS typically begin 12 to 72 hours following treatment. If it is determined that you have a high risk of TLS, you may stay in the hospital during treatment so your medical team can monitor you closely with lab tests and blood work and deliver intravenous fluids and medications to help prevent TLS. On rare occasions, it may occur before starting any cancer treatment or after a biopsy of a tumor.
When should you call your health care provider?
Immediately. These symptoms should be considered a medical emergency because TLS can potentially cause damage to the kidneys, heart, liver or other organs. The result can be loss of muscle control, seizures, kidney, liver or heart failure, or even death. Because of this, it is critical to contact your health care provider right away if you experience any of the following signs or symptoms:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Shortness of breath
- Diarrhea
- Muscle cramps or twitches
- Decreased urination
- Blood in your urine
- Weakness or lethargy
- Seizures
- Fainting
- Low blood pressure
- Joint pain
- Peripheral neuropathy (numbness or tingling in your hands and feet)
